Over the past four years, Poland’s relations with China have undergone multiple phases, starting with tensions caused by the Huawei employee arrest in Warsaw, followed by legislative actions on critical infrastructure and the Polish government’s criticism towards the conclusion of negotiations on the Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI). Around 2021, Poland’s attitude towards China shifted to a more positive stance seeking economic cooperation. Yet, the outbreak of the Ukraine war in 2022 and China’s alignment with Russia disrupted this trajectory and led to rising skepticism over China in Poland, negatively impacting the bilateral relationship.
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