In the past decades, NATO has played a significant role in the Western Balkans, whether it was during the break-up of Yugoslavia, Kosovo War or by its subsequent assistance with the stabilisation of the area. Nowadays, even though the tensest times of conflict are probably over, NATO remains active in the region. The Background Report deals with NATO’s past involvement in Western Balkans as well as discusses its current political and military cooperation with the individual countries in the area, the growing Russian influence and the prospects of NATO’s further enlargement.